Bio science essays

Influences of Juran Trilogy free essay sample

Set of three Nissan Motor Corp. re-imagined large scale manufacturing and constructed its notoriety around quality and dependability by focusing on enormous and little subtleties and following the Juran Trilogy applying the arranging, Control and Improvement. Nissan manufactures various test vehicles and performs continued running tests and reenacted running tests to raise creation exactness before they convey a vehicle to the client. To precisely react to the business sectors needs, gather whatever number flawed parts from the field as would be prudent. In the wake of approving the state of each part, they endeavor to recreate the issue and decide its motivation. At long last, they do an investigation utilizing the most dependable techniques conceivable. When the reason is resolved, they start explicit countermeasures. Nissan Corp. accomplishes quality affirmation through a two-phase test that incorporates test drives and neighborhood assessment. There are four primary stages to making and providing a vehicle: arranging, improvement, creation and advertising/deals. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impacts of Juran Trilogy or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The primary component that impacts the quality in Nissan Corp is â€Å"Control â€Å". Quality Control is a dedication in their strategy, and Nissan is placing in a great deal of center and exertion to meet that responsibility. Impacts from the Juran Trilogy has been actualized in the company’s educational program, for example, arranging and improvement. In Nissan Corp. the quality educational program plan is to expand quality-control preparing for its whole specialist, so thusly we can say that they are consenting to the Juran set of three by taking a shot at arranging then advancement a control stage. The Center’s strategic to give quality and configuration based preparing to improve the capacities of representatives with the goal that they are engaged to work from a client first point of view. Nissan representatives will gain from an educational plan of security, structure and quality control preparing to strengthen work techniques and grow new work measures through benchmarking and persistent improvement forms. Additionally Nissan has been resolved to set a worldwide standard for the nature of the segments from its providers base. Additionally in this educational program Nissan Corporation has gained ground to help guarantee that the clients can have total trust in the quality, wellbeing and unwavering quality of their vehicles, and their drives expand on those achievements. Ceaseless endeavors to fortify vehicle quality and security, and to react quickly and completely to the customers’ concerns, are driven by a guiding principle and will consistently be a basic piece of the organization. One of Nissan objectives is to set new, much better expectations for quality and client responsiveness in both the plant and the market by proceeding to place clients first in all that they do. Another components of the Juran Trilogy on Nissan Corp, is the quality arranging, by distinguishing inner and outside costumers, decide costumer needs and create item includes which react to client needs, building up objectives for item highlights and building up a procedure to meet the item objectives. Thusly we can say that Nissan can demonstrate than the procedure can meet the procedure objectives under working conditions. Works Cited Greimel, H. (2013, 3 18). Nissan shake-up expects to support quality, EVs.

How Sociopaths Are Different from Psychopaths

How Sociopaths Are Different from Psychopaths Theories Personality Psychology Print How Sociopaths Are Different from Psychopaths Both are forms of antisocial personality disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 16, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Nature or Nurture? Violence Diagnosis Differences View All Back To Top Sociopath is a term people use, often arbitrarily, to describe someone who is apparently without conscience. In most cases, its a description blithely tossed out to label a person as being either hateful or hate-worthy.  The same applies to the term psychopath which to many people suggests a sociopath who is simply more dangerous, like a mass murderer. Both of these are not only inaccurate descriptions but troublesome ones. Overview From a clinical perspective, people who are sociopathic or psychopathic are those who exhibit the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (APD), typified by the pervasive disregard of the rights and/or feelings of others. Sociopathy and psychopathy are considered to be two types of APD. While psychopaths are classified as people with little or no conscience, sociopaths do have a limited, albeit weak, ability to feel empathy and remorse. While psychopaths can and do follow social conventions when it suits their needs, sociopaths are more likely to fly off the handle and react violently whenever theyre confronted by the consequences of their actions. Willem H.J. Martens argues in his infamous article The Hidden Suffering of the Psychopath that psychopaths do at times suffer from emotional pain and loneliness. Most have lead hurt-filled lives and have an inability to trust people, but like every human being on the planet, they, too, want to be loved and accepted. However, their own behavior makes this extremely difficult, if not impossible, and most are aware of this. Some feel saddened by the actions they are unable to control because they know it isolates them from others even more. Nature or Nurture? There are some who say that sociopaths are made and psychopaths are born, but this characterization may be too far broad. While it is true that psychopathy is believed to have genetic components (perhaps caused by the underdevelopment of the parts of the brain that regulate emotion and impulsiveness), there are clearly other factors that contribute to the behavioral disorder. A well-regarded study into psychopathy suggested that psychopaths often have a history of an unstable family life and/or were raised in poorer neighborhoods prone to violence. Many have had parents who were substance abusers and who failed to provide parental guidance or attention. This typically translates to unstable and failed relationships in adulthood and a fixated sense that you have been robbed of opportunities and advantages afforded to everyone else. Sociopathy also tends to be associated with harmful childhood experiences, including sexual abuse, physical violence, or parental instability. Sociopaths have a conscience, albeit a weak one, and will often justify something they know to be wrong. By contrast, psychopaths will believe that their actions are justified and feel no remorse for any harm done. This differentiation may suggest that nature plays more of a role in the creation of a psychopath than a sociopath. This is supported in part by a 2014 review of studies in which as many as a third of people diagnosed with sociopathy essentially give up their antisocial behavior in later life and development well-adjusted relationships. Violence While its common to think of sociopaths and psychopaths as being inherently dangerous, this is more a construct of a TV drama than a true reflection of the disorder. Violence, while certainly possible, is not an inherent characteristic of either sociopathy or psychopathy. With that being said, people with APD will often go to extraordinary lengths to manipulate others, whether it be to  charm, disarm, or frighten them, in order to get what they want. When psychopaths do become violent, as in the case of Jeffrey Dahmer, theyre just as likely to hurt themselves as others. Martens notes that the more a psychopath feels socially isolated, sad, and alone, the higher his or her risk for violence and impulsive and/or reckless behavior. Diagnosis The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classifies APD by a range of  personality and behavioral traits  that describe how a person functions, how he or she relates to others, and how those beliefs express themselves by actions. Self-functioning characteristics are those that reflect what a person is like and how that person views his or her actions or goals. In order to be diagnosed with APD, you must exhibit all of the following characteristics: Egocentricity or self-centerednessAttaining self-esteem from power, personal gain, or pleasureSetting goals based on personal gratification with little regard to law or ethics Interpersonal characteristics are those that describe how a person interacts with others in general. You must also exhibit these traits to be diagnosed with APD: A lack of  empathy  for other peoples suffering or hurt or when confronted with the hurt or anger of people they have manipulatedThe inability to have a truly mutually emotionally intimate relationship because of the instinct to control (by dominance or intimidation), coerce, or deceive Behavioral characteristics  complete the clinical diagnosis by describing the route a person will take to either control, coerce, or deceive, such as: The emotional manipulation of othersâ€"for example, pretending to be interested in someone simply to achieve a goalLying as a means to gain social entry or advantage, such as proclaiming yourself a decorated war hero when you have never servedReacting with callousness, aggression, remorselessness, or even sadism when confronted by the fallout of your actionsPersistent anger or irritability, even over small things, as well as mean, spiteful behaviorA strong tendency to disregard commitments, promises, and agreements, including financial onesMaking decisions on the spur of the moment with little regard to consequence if an immediate goal is to be achievedDifficulty in making plans, preferring to believe youre able to nimbly navigate problems as they appearRisk taking, becoming easily bored, and an ability to ignore personal boundaries and justify even the most outrageous of actions It is not uncommon for someone with APD to be in repeated fights or assaults. How to Spot a Narcissistic Sociopath Sociopath  and Psychopath Differences While the terms are often used interchangeably, sociopathy and psychopathy have clear  lines of distinction that can be broadly described. Sociopath Make it clear they do not care how others feels Behave in hot-headed and impulsive ways Prone to fits of anger and rage Recognize what they are doing but rationalize their behavior Cannot maintain a regular work and family life Can form emotional attachments, but it is difficult Psychopath Pretend to care Display cold-hearted behavior Fail to recognize other peoples distress Have relationships that are shallow and fake Maintain a normal life as a cover for criminal activity Fail to form genuine emotional attachments May love people in their own way

The First Wave Of Immigration - 1838 Words

Although some level of immigration has been continuous throughout American history, there have been two epochal periods: the 1880 to 1924 Age of Mass Migration, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe, and the Post 1965 Wave of Immigration, primarily from Latin America and Asia. In this research paper, I would focus on the first wave which occurred in the 1900; including impact, living and work condition; reasons for coming, and change in immigration laws. America experienced a large wave of immigration to its shores in the years following the American Civil War and Reconstruction. In the years between 1881 and 1920 more than 23 million new immigrants arrived in the United States. These wave immigrants came from all parts of the world, but more came from Europe than any other region. After the depression of the 1890s, immigration jumped from a low of 3.5 million in that decade to a high of 9 million in the first decade of the new century. Immigrants from Northern and Western Europ e continued coming as they had for three centuries, but in decreasing numbers. After the 1880s, immigrants increasingly came from Eastern and Southern European countries, as well as Canada and Latin America. By 1910, Eastern and Southern Europeans made up 70 percent of the immigrants entering the country. After 1914, immigration dropped off because of the war, and later because of immigration restrictions imposed in the 1920s. Are there any reasons for coming to the UnitedShow MoreRelatedAMH 2097 Paper 21345 Words   |  6 PagesProtestants (WASPs) have been at the top of the social hierarchy ever since they arrived to America in the 1600s. The first wave of immigration consisted of the Germans, Irish and Chinese. The WASPs created a way to measure the success of each immigrant group. They acknowledged four factors of success that would show them whether an immigrant group was successful or not. The first factor of success was how much money an immigrant had when they came to America. The more money they came to AmericaRead MoreImmigration Policies During Mexican Immigration Across The Border From The Mid 20th Century Into The 21st Century1627 Words   |  7 Pagesextent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? Alejandra Estrada Professor Sarah Lischer POL 251 To what extent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? This report is centralized around two main arguments. The first argument accounts forRead MoreA Silk Road : Chinese Immigration Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesAnother Silk Road: Chinese Immigration As of the 2010 United States Census, there are more than 3.7 million Chinese in the United States, about 1.23% of the total population. All of these 3.7 million Chinese Americans, are made of different historical period of the Chinese immigrants and their descendants. The history of Chinese immigration, is as old as the history of the United State of America, more than 200 years. Various periods of Chinese immigrants experienced different stories, and theyRead MoreChinese Immigrants Of Los Angeles1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first Chinese immigrants came to California during the Gold Rush period. Also, the Chinese community is one of the largest and oldest ethnic group of Asian Americans. Some researchers consider the history of ethnic Chinese in Southern California relates to three periods. In my opinion, I would like to say that there are four major waves which the first wave begins in the 19th century, the second wave occurs in the 1940s to 1980s, the third wave happens during the 1980s, and the last wave arisesRead MoreCuban American Communities And South Florida1082 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 1950s, this harsh regime caused political resistance to reach to its boiling point. In response to these high levels of frustration, Fidel Castro and a small rebel group led a successful revolutionary army into Havana in 1959. This was the first step on the road to a new era in the lives of many Cubans. Shortly after acquiring power, Castro embarked on a number of changes that relinquished the strong hold that the United States held in Cuba and with the help of the Soviet Union transformedRead MoreVietnamese Immigration into the United States1664 Words   |  7 Pagesthere were very few Vietnamese living in the United States. After the Vietnam War and the fall of Saigon in 1975, many Vietnamese refugees fled Vietnam resulting in three major waves of immigration. The first and second waves of immigration played a major role in Vietnamese refugees resettling in California. The last wave in the 1990s centered on family reunification. Since the 1970s, Vietnamese people escaping communist rule immigrated to the United States. Later they relocated to California hopingRead MoreIssues in American Immigration935 Words   |  4 PagesStates has been known as a nation of immigrants almost from its inception. Beginning in the 1600s with English Puritans and continuing today, America is a melt ing pot of culture and ethnicity. In fact, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, immigration was the major source of U.S. population growth. Looking over our 200+ years we find that to clearly be true, with approximately 1 million immigrants coming to America during the 17th and 18th century. Almost 3 million arrived during the 1860s, andRead MoreThe Hope Of A Nation1728 Words   |  7 Pagespresence of Iranians in the States. When the revolution commences, there are multiple waves of people who leave Iran. The first wave are mostly royal sympathizers and people who had positions in the monarchy, and who were close to the Shah. Many of these royalists left the country in the earliest stages of the revolution, and many of them brought along great sums of money from their past life. The next wave of people to leave Iran, where religious minorities, such as the Baha’is, and religio-ethnicRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1664 Words   |  7 Pages1990. In other words, the illegal immigration rate arriving and living in the U.S. has decreased, but there are still millions of unauthorized immigrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. Illegal immigration and policy has become an important and political debate between millions of Americans for the past couple of decades, but it was not until the 21st century, when policymakers became concern on national security and the demand for labor. Although illegal immigration has become a major issue in theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Mexico 915 Words   |  4 Pagesfour waves of immigration. The following article describes about presidential candidate Donald Trump’s proposal for building a wall along US – Mexico border. During the first great wave of immigration which was in 1910, Mexicans crossed US borders in small numbers which was around 1.5 million people. Civil wars in Mexico caused people to migrate. Most of them entered through Texas towns and cities. Some people who wanted to formalize their status paid some amount of money at the immigration station

Essay about AIDS Problem - 2599 Words

1. Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS, is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).HIV damages body’s immune system by destroying white blood cells which help us to destroy invaded pathogens. When HIV enters a white blood cell, it may remain dormant. However, once it is activated, it infects another cell to produce many new HIVS. After a certain period of time, the white blood cells are destroyed and leading to a loss of function of the immune system (Y.K. Ho,2004). People infected by HIV will turn out to have AIDS. Infected people are very weak to fight off other infectious disease and soon they will die. According to the data and statistics of WHO, global summary of the AIDS epidemic, 2009, the†¦show more content†¦At, that time, more than 100 thousand farmers were infected; nearly 10 thousand of them died. Predicting the trend, it is difficult for China to have only 370 thousand people living with AIDS as the Chinese government just want to hide the fact and did little to deal with the current situation. This essay will state the factors leading to such condition in detail. And also criticizes the policies or measures that applied by the government. At the end, there will be some suggestion to resolve the issue. 3. Factors that lead to the condition According to the public health model, health status is not only relying on individual and form a biological perspective. It also related to the interaction with the social or physical environment. Therefore, when analyzing the factors that lead to the severe AIDS problem in Henan, where the famous â€Å"AIDS villages† located in China, we should consider comprehensively, include the scientific, economic and social perspective. ï  ¬ Scientific perspective In this case, the epidemiologic triangle can be used to describe the rapidly transmitted AIDS disease. The triangle is composed by three parts: pathogen, host and environment. This part will focus more on pathogen and host; environment will be further discussed in economic and social perspective. A common pathogenetic feature underlying is the deficiency of the immune system caused by HIV, whichShow MoreRelatedAids : The Problem Of Aids1250 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough advancements in AIDS research have continued over the past 2 decades, the misconception that people can contract the AIDS virus from sharing a drink is still prevalent. Aids is a major issue throughout the world and kills many people. One of the problems with aids is that it can kill people. A current solution for aids is there are medicines that people suffering from aids take and these medicines increase a person with aids life span. A future plan for aids is to find a cure so that peopleRead MoreThe Health Problem Of Aids1652 Words   |  7 Pages Getting to Know HIV Alberto Macias ID#: 58522456 PH 1- Dr. Bic November 8, 2015 Public Health Problem HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It attacks the t-cells in the human body and when it destroys so many, it leads to a disease called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the final stage of the HIV infection. HIV is one of the few viruses that is yet to be curable, so once you contract it, you have it for life. It affects the cells of theRead MoreThe Problem Of Hiv / Aids1093 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS Background/Intro: Public Health costs us, as tax payers, a lot of money. Without public health initiatives, diseases such as small pox would still be with us, and other diseases, such as antibiotic- resistant staphylococcus would get out of control and cause sickness and death throughout the country. As taxpayers we rely on our government to ensure that we get â€Å"good value† for our money. In Australia our health is very good compared to may nation of the world and most citizens’ have comeRead MoreThe Problem Of Hiv / Aids1871 Words   |  8 Pagesproject, we wanted to see how much the average high school student knew about HIV/AIDS- ourselves having minimal knowledge of the disease. In order to do so, we created a quiz and charted the results. After reviewing the results of the quiz, we realized that this ISP is giving us the platform to inform and enlighten ourselves and others of this serious global phenomenon. The quiz consisted of basic questions regarding HIV/AIDS and the ratio of correct to incorrect answers was mostly even with a few irregularitiesRead MoreThe Problems Caused by AIDS in Africa718 Words   |  3 PagesDid you know â€Å"AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa† (Quinn, online). Twenty percent of Africa’s population has died from AIDS. Poverty is a big problem in Africa. Men have been forced to become migrant workers in urban areas. And antiretroviral treatment at this time is not available to African people. AIDS is a big problem in Africa today that is now requiring help from the world. There are an immense amount of problems in Africa caused by the AIDS disease. Healthcare providers areRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Social Problem863 Words   |  4 PagesHIV/AIDS social problem. The conflict theory is simply a theoretical approach that views social problems based on conflicts between two or more groups. In addition, society is divided by social classes which are confrontational, competitive and attempt to exploit one another to gain social status and power. This division can be related to racial and ethnic inequalities, which is often created by prejudice and bias. When we directly evaluate this theory as it relates to HIV and AIDS, it aids in explainingRead MoreProblem And Extent Of Hiv / Aids1539 Words   |  7 PagesProblem and Extent of HIV/AIDS Impact in China From the narrative, Dazou merely represents one of the thousands of people who have contracted HIV through paid plasma plasma donation and unhygienic blood banks. The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China reports 501,000 reported cases of people living with HIV/AIDS. Although the pervasiveness of HIV may be low compared to China’s 1.3 billion population, certain communities have HIV prevalence rates as highRead MoreThe Health Problem Of Hiv / Aids2353 Words   |  10 Pages Health problem is a pathological state, in which a physical condition caused by the disease. To make the person free from the diseases is the main goal of the Health promotion program. Now I am interested to discuss about on epidemiological case i.e. HIV/AIDS, which is more common in world wide. And more dangerous which spoils the person’s life knowingly or unknowingly and I want to create awareness regarding this disease mainly in rural areas and use importantRead MoreAids : Too Big Of A Problem Essay1785 Words   |  8 PagesAIDS: Too Big of a Problem Something that I have come to learn this semester in Core 7, between the books and lectures, is terrible the disease of AIDS is in Africa. The disease is taking over a million lives a year. The numbers are sickening to look at. The disease has become, undoubtedly, a huge problem in Africa. Is it possible to put a stop to this terrible disease that is killing Africans by the millions? AIDS is very prevalent throughout all of Africa. The presence of this epidemic is a massiveRead MoreHiv / Aids And Young People : The Problem And The Solution1081 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS and Young People: The Problem and the Solution According to the Foundation for AIDS Research, â€Å"Among the 1.1 million Americans living with HIV/AIDS, twenty-five percent of them are between the ages of 13 and 24† (The Foundation for AIDS Research [amfAR], 2015). In other words, HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is very common among teenagers and young adults. People in this age group are infected with HIV every day. As a result, Healthy People 2020

The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole Free Essays

string(23) " years old is working\." 1. Introduction: The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole. The author is doing the research on the of the international branded and premium that is OSIM Company product on the uDivine Application massage chair. We will write a custom essay sample on The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole or any similar topic only for you Order Now In these assignments will share on OSIM marketing plan which involved analysis on competitor, developed understand on marketing and sales strategy. Understand on the main key player which has contributed a lot to OSIM Company as whole. 2. 0 Company Background Corporate Profile, Mission, Vision and Goals of OSIM OSIM International Ltd is well known as an global impetus leader in healthy and C. The founded of OSIM Company is Ron Sim in year 1980 in Singapore (OSIM Ltd. , 2010). Previously OSIM was under the name of R Sim Trading, an electrical and household appliance company (OSIM Ltd. , 2010). In year 1980 with a small start-up capital, the company have engages with promotion of household products such as knife sharpeners, knife and mobile clothes drying rods. However in year 1989, the company listed with the name called â€Å"Health Check and Care†, and then later on shifted their main focus to healthy lifestyle products. Since then this had created great development for the company and manages to operate outlets in Indonesia and Malaysia (AsiaPulse News, 2002). 2. 1 Vision and Mission The company’s vision was to become the global leader in healthy life style products whereas their mission was to challenge the spirit of their clients. The goal of the company was to bring the healthy lifestyle to their consumers (Business Times-Malaysia, 2003 and New Straits Times, 2003). Inspiring Life† is the motto of the OSIM Company. Vision: The global leader in healthy lifestyle products Mission: Bringing healthy lifestyle to you. . 2 Company Locations and Facilities OSIM Company has 1196 Outlets in more than 222 cities across 30 countries in Asia, Oceania, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and North America. The Company operation is dividing into two segments that are distribution and retail (refer to appendix 1). The OSIM company headquarters is in Singapore. 1. Products and Services OSIM product is t he most trusted brand. The company is known as International Safety Standards which are abide with worldwide health and safety regulations. All products are designed with safety and appropriate method to health. Furthermore, the companies have good quality performance because their entire product has been approved from clinic research, medical certifications and scientific studies. The health-care product have careful checked and studies scientifically by expertise. They have been awarded certification and recognition from independents bodies in terms of innovation and technology wise. OSIM Company receive award winning design from Japan, Europe and Asia. OSIM product was awarded the Largest Health Check and Care Equipment Retail Chain by the Malaysian Book of Records and Asia Pacific Honesty Enterprise Keris Award 2002. OSIM is known as ASIA No 1 Brand in healthy lifestyle equipment by a prestigious International Survey for international market research. Besides, OSIM has also been rated by AC Nielsen survey in 2005 as the Number One brand in seven attributes (High Quality Products, Advance Technology, Premium Brand, Innovative Design Features, Trustworthy Brand, Good Customer Service and Good Store Ambience). 3. 1 Products Description OSIM uDivine Application massage chair is the finest world’s best selling massage chair and phone innovates that lift up leveraging of power digital technology of smart phones and mobile technology. The uDivine application markets a benchmark of innovation and transformed it to an intelligent, multi-sensory enjoyment for the body, mind and soul. If the consumer purchased uDivine App massage chair, there is a personal massage advisor that renders its smart recommendations and useful information on optimising the uDivine App massage experience at home. It wills functional 24hours/7 days. The massages chair featured about 13 professionally crafted massage programs by Japanese Expert, Mr. Sato Tsuyoshi. The OSIM uDivine App massage chair deliver performance and quality in full-body massage, redefines an unrivalled Human-3D massage experience in utmost way and well-being. It also offers a suite of the most invigorating massage programs and manual massage techniques that are thoughtfully designed for a multi-sensory full-body massage experience with consumer favourite audio, audio and visual entertainment. (Refer to appendix 2) 3. 3 Supply and Demand Details Base on the quarter ended results for 30/9/2012 (Refer to appendix 3). OSIM Company is making sales of S$142 million compare to last year only at S$124 million. The company is making profitability growth in Quarter 3 2012. The companies have achieved profitability for 15 consecutive quarters. Quarter 3 revenue is S$142 million. The uDivine Application and various other products perform well. Profit before tax reached S$26 million +23% this is because increase in sales and better productivity gained. (Refer to appendix 3) 3. 4 Technology Needs OSIM uDivine Application massage chair is Human-3D massage chair with an intelligent massage system that build in precisely, realistic and human contour based, delivering the most humanized, pleasurable and effective full body massage. Consumer able to felt relieve after the all process. Add on item such as airbags, kneading discs and automatic body detection which make, the OSIM uDivine application delivers the pleasures of the most humanized and effective full-body massage. Latest technology achieved is OSIM Company works with Apple iPod touch, iPhone and iPad in making the OSIM uDivine App massage chair a latest benchmark for massage chair innovation with transforming it to an intelligent, multi-sensory enjoyment for the body, mind and soul. 4. 0 Market Analysis 4. 1. 1 Target market segment strategy. OSIM Company used market analysis segment strategy to target its market entirely to earning profit. The company targeted demographic, psychographics and geographic segmentation. Demographic parts are divides into several groups based on occupation, income, gender and age. UDivine Application suitable to all individual ages above 10 years until 60 years old. Base on Singapore statistic data shown 70% high employment rate from ages 25 until 66 years old is working. You read "The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole" in category "Essay examples" The company is targeting on mid range of consumer income which mean the availability to purchase the product with full settlement or monthly installement packages. Psychographics able to classified as social class or lifestyles of current population. Furthermore people nowadays are busy with their career life and travelling which have not time to stay fit and healthy. The company is targeting geographic segmentation in international markets which their businesses are expanding around Asia region and globally. 4. 1. 2 Market Needs. Market needs in the early 21st century change a lot compare it the 90’s. We tend to see a lot of people are busy with their own daily life in career or searching for money. Everyone is busy which have potential tendency to bygone their health which is very important target. Base on Singapore Statistic study in the 2011 shown that high trend of cause break down (refer to appendix 4). This mean nowadays people seldom precaution about their health. Therefore OSIM have created uDivine Application with good technology installed in it to suit these generation consumers. People can stay healthy and fit at the same enjoy their life. 4. 1. 3 Market trends Base on Singapore Statistic shown that the population trend is increased in Singapore. This show more people means more money and market trend is shoot up in the positive trait. The lifestyles of Singaporean consumer are changed a lot compared to previous years back. More consumers are well educated and have better employment. (Refer to appendix)This shows purchasing power is increased. In Singapore, consumer tends purchase uDivine Application for health and lifestyle purpose. The consumer is able to purchased uDivine Application due to their purchasing power is increase which uDivine Application is reasonable and affordable to own one. 4. 1. 4 Market Growth. – Singapore Economic Singapore is the 17th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita (US$326. 80) and adds on with a high literacy rate of 95. 4%. The gross national income is (US$61692) compare to year 2010 is only (US$60009). The vibrant enterprise and ecosystem which made Singapore known and attracted more than 7,000 multinational corporations (MNC), many of which have established regional or international headquarters here in Singapore. Base on Singapore Statistic on economic review for year 2012 (refer to appendix 5) show that consumer price index a positive trend for health care product in Singapore about 6% weighted. Therefore OSIM businesses in Singapore fluctuate much better when their introduces uDivine Application to the market. Beside introduces the uDivine Application to the market it also create job opportunities for people whom this will generate cash flow to Singapore Economic. 4. 2 Industry Analysis 4. 2. 1 Industry Participants/Key Players In all main businesses like OSIM Company is also support from important key players teams in business such as customer, government, supplies, public, employee and shareholder. All of the six main key players is shown the entire process for a company to achieved its goals. Furthermore without them the company will be doom. It is just like a life phases for a company. Everyone of them makes OSIM Company as what today. The customer or consumer bought or purchased the product and satisfied with it will give a positive trait such as feedback, suggestion and opinion. The more product consumer purchased the company will generate more revenue. Government also will imposed taxation on the product to generate cash flow back to the country and provide safetly environment. Supplies will build up internal relationship with company due to business transaction is exits. The public will be aware of the latest update on products from the company in respective of healthy lifestyle, employee and shareholder will gain benefit n returns such as bonus, share, promotion and others. 4. 2. 2 Main Competitors/Competitive Analysis Two major competitors which have similar post competition to OSIM a are Ogawa World Berhad (OGAWA) and Gintell. OGAWA is well known as Malaysian health and wellness retail store which started in 1996 and successfully a leading player in health and wellness equipments in Malaysia. It also a commi tted brand which involved in a healthier lifestyle. Gintell started in 1996 and expanded its business network with more than 60 outlets in just 12 years. However Gintell is known as one of the leading healthcare chain stores in Malaysia. Both of the companies gave OSIM much competition in the health and wellness section and currently affect OSIM market shares seriously. Nevertheless, OSIM still have positive trait on its side due to more of OSIM outlets store have penetrated more markets compare to both Ogawa and Gintell. Gintell have make partnership with Panasonic in development (R) strengths and technology advance. This gives opportunities tor GINTELL to produce more quality healthcare products through its retail network. The cooperation between Panasonic and Gintell gives OSIM a tough competition. Ogawa is focus to synergistic products that generate revenues in terms of target market, retail habit and demographics. Both Gintell and Ogawa price and promotion are more a less the same. OSIM product range may be priced a little a higherdue to its mark up cost compare to its competitors. OSIM products are well known for its brand and have better quality assurance to its consumer. The consumers also have better customer satisfaction over the products itself. To conclude OSIM should continue to make progress and understand the advantage of its strength may indeed seek to turn competitor review threats into its own opportunities strengths. . 0 Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy can influence both the internal and external environments. Internal environmental factors are concern about marketing mix (4’P), performance analysis and strategic constraints. External environmental factors are concern about customer analysis, competitor analysis, target market analysis, as well as e valuation of any elements of the technological, economic, cultural or political/legal environment likely to impact success. The main key feature of marketing strategy is to keep marketing in line with a company mission statement. Marketing program 5. 1 PRODUCT OSIM Company sells consumer product which gives their consumer a healthy lifestyle product. Types of health product that they sell are as the following: back massagers, blood pressure monitor, massage chair, eye massagers, foot massagers, head massagers, slim belts, and pedometer and water purifiers. uDivine Application are specialty products that help to maintain good health and give satisfaction in return. The company makes a better decision base on product attributes in stages of development a new product. The first part penetrated the quality level of generate ideas which meet the objective of the company or not. Secondly, concept testing is important which OSIM company need to know wether there is a sufficient market for any new launch product. In product development stage an extensive primary market research is making to finalized the consumer reaction on product. Next step is analysing cost or revenues gained. Apparently on production cost they will set a reasonable price of product to be sold. Therefore they will consider developing a prototype as an example. The entire product features such as the design; materials, quality and safety need to be considering also. 5. 2 Pricing Strategy OSIM Company by its own is highly brand which sells healthcare product in the market. OSIM stands by its own image, name, safety and quality. The products pricing of the OSIM Company will have impact on the quantity sell and profit margin received per unit. First step to set pricing is needed to liaise with the objectives of pricing. Gained or earning profit is the main figure objective set. OSIM Company has three type strategies in setting the price of the uDivine Application. First OSIM used cost-plus pricing which is the total cost of producing each unit of product is calculated. Then, percentage profit is calculated by adding the unit cost to arrive at the selling price. Secondly, skimming pricing is given to products which are innovative and highly technology product such as uDivine Application. The strategies plans for these kinds of products usually set at the affordable high price because it needs high cost to make the product and furthermore it design to create an up-market trend. Thirdly, another kind of pricing strategy which OSIM Company applies is competition-oriented pricing. The competition oriented pricing is another strategy which makeup the price for a uDivine Application product by comparison view with the competitor product such as OGAWA. Apparently listing price, varieties of discount and allowance will be include when setting a price uDivine Application. 5. 3 Promotion Strategy Promotion is another action step in business to make consumers aware about the product. Through this promotion, company can attract consumers to purchase the product. The main objective of OSIM Company promotion is to increase sales and popularity of the company brand. Types of promotion involved are advertising, personal selling, and sales promotions. Furthermore, OSIM Company normally advertises its products through online, brochure and conducts types of road show events. Do online advertising is cheaper comparing to others method. Consumers can surf on to the website of the company to find more about the company and it is free. Apparently, the brochures are only given to visitors who have visited the outlets or to road shows. Furthermore, these minimum cost types of promotion are helping the company to lower down the expenses. However, OSIM Company always used top international artiste as a model or celebrities to promote its product such as the new product uDivine Application massage chair. OSIM Company use artiste Andy Lau as endorser and Lin Chi Ling as a model for the World’s first little massage sofa. Furthermore, this will help OSIM Company to get the target audience by immediately as a fan of the celebrity. Apparently, they target aim for popularity. By advertise them in order to get popular in the world. OSIM Company also makes global sponsorship for types of sport event like badminton. Therefore it can help to raise the company name and well known in around the globe. 5. 4 Distribution Patterns (Place) OSIM Company has chosen an appropriate place to sell its products. However in business without a good place to launch or promote OSIM Company product will make harder to be successful in target market even though the product have are reasonable price. OSIM Company has two kinds of distribution patterns which are retailing concept and distribution concept. The retail segment is always engaged with outlets and counters operated by elected shopping malls and a good departmental stores which is the products are sold in terms of directly to end user consumers. OSIM Global Retail concept for an example no matter at Changi International Airport in Singapore, Harrods in London, Times Square in Hong Kong all of the OSIM Global Retail Concept platform will projects a singular image that is firstly welcoming, attractive and inspiring. The company believe that the consumer is ex periencing a journey from the first stage of attraction towards the product, keen delightful to discovery of the products, finally next move the final stage of a purchase. The distributions segmenting are engaged with products solely distributed by the Company with the franchisees in overseas markets. The company subsidiaries are OSIM (China) Co. , Ltd, Nutri Active Pte Ltd, Victoria House Pte Ltd and VHE China Limited, OSIM (HK) Company Limited, OSIM International Trading (Shanghai) Co. , Ltd, OSIM (M) Sdn Bhd, OSIM (Taiwan) Co. , Ltd, Nutrition Focus (USA) Inc, Global Active Limited (GAL). (Will add in the Appendix on the company location around the globe) 5. 4 Marketing Program and Sales Strategy OSIM Company always prepared ahead a program plan to launch a new product such as uDivine Application the massages chair. Their will do marketing program to introduces the product to consumer such as do roadshow on uDivine Application at shopping malls, health exhibition campaign, charity show and many more. OSIM Company also does sponsorships games or show to get near to the consumer preference such as the â€Å"Badminton World Federation Games† (BWF World Super series games) in 2010. Beside that, OSIM Company use personal selling approach method towards consumer purchased uDivine Application. In personal selling there are several steps in such as deal with prospecting, whether is qualifying, pre-approach step , approach method, presentation such as public relation, handling objections whether yes or no answer, closing stage but lastly is the follow up method. Among all method, the crucial step is the follow up after the sale which the company sale personnel will contact the consumer after quarterly year to check whether is consumer is pleased with the product which their have purchased. Sales program also can be organized during festive season like Chinese New Year, Hari Raya, and Christmas and also on special occasion such as Mother Day and Father Day. During sale programme the company will allocate certain product with a production price within a certain period. All of these plans will generate more profit back to the company 6. 0 Web Plan and Summary OSIM has its own registered website ‘‘www. osim. com† to market their product on Internet to let or inform more people known about OSIM company and its products. It has types of sites which is corporate web site holds the company profile, management level, investor, company location but the marketing site is marketing web site is designed to engage consumers with direct purchase of the product. It is crucial for a company to have its own website especially launch new products, offering new services and reaching consumer. The digital era nowadays has leaded many people to use internet to surf and search information. Consumer can access or surf in any website with few seconds. Apparently setting up a website could be costly but it is offset by reaching a large volume consumers and providing necessary information. 6. 1 Website Marketing Strategy OSIM website marketing strategy such as make use of the popular Facebook as a tool to promote the products and provide brief information and latest happenings in regard to their road shows. Job recruitment advertisements are found their website and it will save the company’s cost expense in advertising such as the newspaper. Consumers can sign up for mailing list to receive any special offers, promotions and well-being tips from OSIM. Another marketing strategy involved is E-commerce which has the ability of businesses to trade with the world via websites. The good potential about E-commerce is businesses are able to market and create awareness on the products in a larger group of audience which operates now open 24 hours every day. 6. 2 Development Requirements There is also an ample room for improvement for the website. Sometime it is nice to have better colour or live picture to attract the consumer comes to the website because colour and picture deliver more messages compare to words. Their should encourages some online contest or quiz for consumer who is able to answer all correct have the change to used OSIM products for a certain time to get the experiments feeling of using it. 7. 0 Conclusion However in performed this reasearch on marketing plan for a premium (Branded) product such as uDivine Application in OSIM Company. We understand how crucial to have marketing plan to run the business in future. Therefore proper marketing and sales strategy in business is crucial to achieve the company goals to generate profit. How to cite The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole, Essay examples

James Monroe Essays - James Monroe, Era Of Good Feelings, Oak Hill

James Monroe James Monroe He was the fifth president of the United States (1817-1825) and the last of the so-called Virginia dynasty of U.S. presidents. Monroe was president during the Era of Good Feelings. James Monroe was one of five children born to Spence Monroe, a carpenter, and Elizabeth Jones Monroe. In 1775 Monroe left college to go to war. Monroe served in Congress for three years. In 1784, during a congressional recess, Monroe journeyed through the Western territories. After the Constitutional Convention drafted the new Constitution of the United States in 1787, Monroe was elected a delegate to the Virginia convention called to ratify it. In 1789 Monroe moved to Albemarle County, Virginia, near Jefferson's estate, Monticello. In the Senate, Monroe aligned himself with the Anti-Federalists. In September 1796, Monroe was recalled. After two years of retirement from public office, Monroe was elected governor of Virginia. In 1803 Monroe was named to be part of an extraordinary mission to France. In July 1805 Monroe returned to Britain to negotiate a treaty, assisted by diplomat William Pinkney. In late 1807 Monroe left for the United States. Monroe's old allies, Jefferson and Madison, were cool toward him after his return. This was because one faction of Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party wanted Monroe as a rival presidential candidate to Madison, Jefferson's secretary of state and chosen successor, and Monroe did little to disavow the action. Moreover, Monroe's supporters, led by Jefferson's enemy, Congressman John Randolph, made it seem that Monroe was encouraging them. When Monroe became secretary of state, relations with Britain had worsened. Monroe nevertheless worked to prevent it. Monroe was back in uniform briefly at the time of the British attack on Washington. Monroe helped to resolve some of them. On December 24, 1814, a peace treaty acceptable to Madison and Monroe was signed at Ghent. In 1815 Monroe returned to the normal peacetime duties of the secretary of state. Monroe received the electoral votes of all but three states: Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Delaware. The eight-year association between Adams and Monroe was marked by a growing mutual trust and respect that culminated in the Monroe Doctrine. Monroe's first administration faced two major crises, one foreign and one domestic. Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to drive them out. In the first years of Monroe's administration, slavery was becoming a national issue. When Monroe took office, the states were equally divided between slave and free states. On March 6, Monroe signed the bill into law. Monroe's second term as president was relatively uneventful. Monroe was 67 years old when he turned over the presidency to Adams and retired to Oak Hill in Loudoun County, Virginia. After his wife died, Monroe sold Oak Hill and moved to New York City to live with his younger daughter, Maria Hester Gouverneur, and her husband. He died on July 4, 1831, five years after Jefferson and John Adams had died and 55 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. History Essays

Gun Control Essays (703 words) - Gun Politics In The United States

Gun Control Essays (703 words) - Gun Politics In The United States Gun Control Gun Control: What Is It? One of the most hotly debated topics today is gun control. But what exactly is gun control? Is it making it so hard to own that it takes away from the game or leaves someone in fear of not being able to protect themselves? Could it be that it is there to protect the innocent from being gunned down by a lunatic? All these are good questions and that is why the topic is hard to define, both sides have their own feelings on the issue and it is hard to find a happy medium between the two, but one must try. Gun control doesnt have to be taking guns away or making them harder to get as much as controlling them and enforcing the laws that are already in effect. There are many different viewpoints on the issue of gun control. My personal viewpoint is that all citizens have the right to bear arms. If all of the laws were enforced that have passed legislation we would not need new laws making it harder for those that use firearms for sport and protection. The NRA(National Rifle Association) feels the same way. They feel that legislation would infringe on the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens. They also believe that gun control is not making it harder to get guns by certain measures but by enforcing laws that are already in effect. They also say that only those laws would affect citizens that use their firearms legally because the people that commit crimes would get guns another way. People that are pro-gun control believe that gun control is to put stricter laws into effect making it harder to get a hold of guns. They believe that the age for purchasing a gun should be changed from eighteen to twenty one. Whatever the definition given by the various pro and anti gun controllers might be there are certain laws that help define gun control. In many states there are laws that allow citizens to carry concealed handguns. One of the largest states to enact this law is Texas and many citizens indicated they would carry a concealed hand weapon because they felt it was needed for self-defense (Goldman 121). There are also laws in many states that put a hold on weapons sold to do a background check. In the case of gun shows the waiting period would outlast the show itself. There are also laws being pressed to limit buyers to a limit of one handgun per month. So you have the opinions and you have the laws but the truest definition itself comes from the Bill of Rights, more specifically the second amendment. The hot constitutional question however is whether the Second Amendment protects states or individuals. The second amendment clearly secures a right of the people. As defined in the constitution itself, A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to bear Arms, shall not be infringed. States from New Hampshire to Kentucky all have laws that were passed entitling citizens to their right to carry weapons in times of defense whether for that of the state, country, or for personal protection. So now youve heard all the sides; personal, pro, anti, and legal arguments, there are many ways to see gun control. From stopping or trying to slow down sales to just getting tough and enforcing the laws already in effect gun control is a hot topic. However the best definition to interpret gun control is, enforcing the laws we already have in effect while also considering some new laws to protect us against the crime of America. We need to try to slow handguns down just stop the gun involved crimes by cracking down and enforcing the law. This may not be a happy medium to either side but it is the way that gun control is being defined at this point in time. Letting it be legal to carry a concealed weapon or firearm but also having certain laws for a waiting period and background check so that firearms dont end up in the wrong hands.

The End of Social Security Paper Checks

The End of Social Security Paper Checks The U.S. Department of Treasury began phasing out paper Social Security checks and other federal benefit checks on May 1, 2011. It required anyone applying for Social Security checks and other federal benefits on and after that date to receive their payments electronically. Those who began receiving Social Security checks before May of 2011 have until March 1, 2013, to sign up for electronic payments, the Treasury Department announced. Those who dont sign up to have their Social Security checks direct-deposited by that date would receive their benefits through the Direct Express card program. Getting your Social Security or Supplemental Security Income payment by direct deposit or Direct Express is safer and more reliable, Michael J. Astrue, the commissioner of Social Security, said in announcing the change. Whos Impacted by End of Paper Checks The change applied to Social Security, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Affairs benefits, and anyone who receives benefits from the Railroad Retirement Board, Office of Personnel Management and Department of Labor (Black Lung). You dont have to worry about your check being lost or stolen and your money is available immediately on your payment date, Astrue said. There is no need to wait for the mail to arrive. In 2010, more than 540,000 Social Security and Supplemental Security Income paper checks were reported lost or stolen and had to be replaced, the Treasury Department said. Savings from End of Paper Checks Phasing out paper Social Security checks entirely is expected to save taxpayers about $120 million every year, or more than $1 billion over 10 years. Government officials also pointed out that eliminating paper Social Security checks will provide positive benefits to the environment, saving 12 million pounds of paper in the first five years alone. More than 18 million baby boomers are expected to reach retirement age during the next five years, with 10,000 people a day becoming eligible for Social Security benefits, said Treasurer Rosie Rios. It costs 92 cents more to issue a payment by paper check than by direct deposit. We are retiring the Social Security paper check option in favor of electronic payments because it is the right thing to do for benefit recipients and American taxpayers alike. What You Need to Do Now If you are applying for new benefits, you are now required to choose an electronic payment method, whether its a direct deposit of your Social Security check or other federal benefits into a bank or credit union account. When you apply for your Social Security check or other federal benefits, you will need: Your financial institutions routing transit number often found on a personal check;The account type, checking or savings;And the account number often found on a personal check. You can also choose to receive your Social Security check on a prepaid debit card or Direct Express Debit MasterCard card. What You Need to Do By 2013 If you currently get your Social Security check or other federal benefit payment on paper, you must switch to electronic payments before March 1, 2013. You can switch from paper checks to direct deposit at www.GoDirect.org, by calling the U.S. Treasury Electronic Payment Solution Centers toll-free helpline at (800) 333-1795, or by speaking with a bank or credit union representative. Anyone already receiving federal benefit payments electronically will continue to receive their money as usual on their payment day. No action is required. About Paper Social Security Checks The first monthly Social Security check was received by Ida Mae Fuller on Jan. 31, 1940, according to the Treasury Department. Since then about 165 million people have received Social Security benefits. The movement toward electronic payments has been steadily increasing, the Treasury Department said. By May of 2011, electronic payments made up more than three-quarters of all noncash payments nationwide. There were 5.7 billion fewer checks written in 2009 than in 2006, a decline of 6.1 percent per year - while electronic payments grew 9.3 percent during that same period. Among federal benefit recipients, about eight in 10 receive their Social Security check or other federal benefit payment electronically, according to the Treasury Department. What About Social Security Statements?   On January 9, 2017, the Social Security Administration also stopped mailing annual Social Security Statements to all workers under age 60. The Social Security Statement shows the worker’s expected monthly Social Security benefits based on their current and potential future income. Paper statements are still mailed only to workers age 60 and older three months before their birthday if they don’t receive Social Security benefits and don’t yet have a â€Å"my Social Security† account. Workers over age 60 will stop receiving their statements by mail once they set up their â€Å"my Social Security† account. Workers under age 60 can now view their personal Social Security Statement online only by using their â€Å"my Social Security† account. Using a â€Å"my Social Security† account, workers of all ages can view their Social Security Statement online at any time. With a free and very secure â€Å"my Social Security† account, workers of all ages, retired or not, can view online their personalized estimates of future benefits based on their real earnings, see their latest Statement, and review their earnings history. In addition, â€Å"my Social Security† can be used to request a replacement Social Security Card or check the status of an application, anytime. A â€Å"my Social Security† is free, secure, and easy to create at: https://www.ssa.gov/myaccount/.

Pierre Trudean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pierre Trudean - Essay Example Therefore, the Charter of Freedom and Rights was enacted and it aimed to keep the individual rights of the Canadians protected, irrespective of their race, caste, creed or religion. The charter would enable the individuals their fundamental rights without any bias or discrimination and it would give importance to the rights of the individuals rather than the laws of the state. Therefore, Trudeau, through the charter, provided the basic rights to every single Canadian, thus influencing their lives to a great extent. Trudeau became a charismatic leader once he started working as the Minister of Justice, in Montreal and he contributed to the passing of bills regarding social welfare measures such as making the gun and arms law stricter and also bringing various reforms in laws that relate to homosexuality as well as abortion. His followers were inspired by Trudeaumania, the nickname given to Trudeau for the outstanding role he played in the Liberty Party, by inspiring each member to str ive towards serving for the country and its people. He drove political factors in the country and encouraged as well as brought to the fore various beneficial reforms starting from the 1960s to the mid 1980s, which included patriation that would increase the federal economic power in the country and also led to institutional changes like the forming of supreme court. He also contributed to the country gaining independence from Britain, as Queen Elizabeth II announced Canada to be exempted from the rule of the British Parliament when Trudeau was in power. Trudeau further increased the economic stability of the country by extending its trade relationships with other countries and he also envisioned peace through various international disarmament discussions he encouraged and attended. The increased economic stability in the country would in turn lead to increase in the purchasing power of the citizens, thus influencing and improving their lifestyle to a large extent. Trudeau had a lot of admirers and followers who praised him for his brilliant intellect and also saluted his political shrewdness in safeguarding the interests of the nation and also unifying it as one. According to Laforest, Trudeau became increasingly â€Å"reconciled with Canadian nationalism† (125) and he did all in his power to inflict feelings of nationalism and patriotism in the people of Canada by strengthening â€Å"the charter to mobilize public opinion† (147). He was also greatly responsible for the Quebec autonomy movement, which restrained an aggressive rebellion on part of the people. Therefore, the presence of Trudeau proved to be a golden era for the people in the country. Analysis Trudeau introduced the landmark Criminal Law Amendment Act in 1968-69. He won his presidency with the majority of votes. He formulated some important laws including Official Languages Act, which guaranteed bilingualism in the civil service. â€Å"If there is any crisis, it is fundamentally b ecause Mr. Trudeau was victorious in his battle against the dualist ideas of Quebec politicians and intellectuals† (Laforest 4). Trudeau Et la Fin D'un Re?ve Canadien In 1970, there was a severe threat for the national security, due to the attack from the terrorist group, Front de liberation du Quebec. Trudeau stood his ground against the terrorist gro

Samsung Electronics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samsung Electronics - Case Study Example Buyer power, which is another of porter forces, is also very strong because high competition and knowledge to consumer through advertising enlighten them and they become powerful. Similarly, Supplier power is weak because each of these firms can choose to take electronic supply from many companies serving this industry. Substitute products force is also high because of influx of "made in China" goods in the industry and firms operating in this industry are vulnerable to cheap products from China. Threat of rivalry is very high in this industry, because of various competing brands such as LG, Sony, and Panasonic etc. The driving force in this industry is the lust to get more and more market share. Many firms operating in this industry are trying to achieve this by attracting consumers towards their products through persuasive and informative advertising and reduced prices that they offer to the customers. In the past years, it has been observed that quality and price are the factors t hat play the most important part in the success of firms operating in this industry (Daft, 1997). However, look at the overall condition and recessionary trend in the world economy; it is very hard to predict that the firms operating in this industry will continue to remain profitable. ... The strategy that Samsung is following to remain competitive in the market is continuous research and development. This helps Samsung to develop new products before its competitors and attract new market share. SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS: Samsung earns the highest revenue in the industry Samsung has a good brand name due to the reliability of its products Good After-Sales Services and Friendly Staff Rigorous training is given to all employees and especially managers WEAKNESSES: Lagging behind other firms in the mobile phone sector Samsung is a very large company, which results in diseconomies of scales and higher prices than its competitors Samsung is experiencing higher cost of production than its competitors OPPORTUNITIES: Industry is growing at the rate 10% Many investors are willing to invest in this industry, and as a result there is good chance for companies like Samsung to Capitalize their reputation THREATS: This industry is highly competitive, so any minor mistake can doom the company's reputation The cost of production is rising due to shortage of Skilled workers and hike in the salaries of workers Samsung prices are very competitive to its competitors apart from one or two of their products. Samsung has always tried to remain competitive in terms of prices and this is a result that it is enjoying the highest market share in the industry. The company is competitively very strong when compared to its rivals. Its focus on "HOT DESIGN, Lower Prices" has yielded good reputation for the company and it has seen sky-rocketing growth both in the revenues and market share. The only strategic problem that the company must address is that they must

Michael Porter’s Five Forces Essay -- Business Strategy Analysis

Porter’s 5-Force Analysis Michael Porter’s 5-forces can be used to analyze an industry and help shape and create a â€Å"competitive strategy† (Porter, 6). Understanding each of the five forces and how they interact with one another provides a clear picture of the degree of competition being faced within an industry, and therefore its relative attractiveness. The understanding cannot provide an advantage; it is what you do with the understanding. Without the understanding, a strategy can be at risk of being unrealistic. Michael Porter’s 5-force Analysis is a tool for the structural analysis of industries. There are 5 forces that always shape the competitive structure of an industry: Supplier Power, Barriers to Entry, The Threat of Substitutes, Buyer Power, and Industry Rivalry. I. SUPPLIER POWER Supplier power is the ability of a supplier to control the cost and supply of the inputs in the market. The supplier power of an industry can be altered in many ways: 1) Differentiation of Inputs – If a company needs various inputs from different suppliers, then those suppliers have a high power. 2) Switching Costs for Transferring to Other Suppliers - Supplier power is high if the cost to switch over to a new system is high. 3) Availability of Substitutes – If the raw material that’s needed for manufacturing can be replaced with alternatives, the supplier power is low. 4) Supplier Concentration – The fewer suppliers there are, the higher the supplier power. 5) Suppliers’ Dependence on Volume – If suppliers are dependent on supply volume, then the supplier power is low. 6) Cost Relative to Total Purchases in the Industry – If a company thinks that they are being overcharged, they may switch to another supplier. 7) Impac... ...dia.net (30 January 2003) Legamedia.net is mainly a foreign website written in Dutch about Porter’s Analysis. 6. http://panko.com (30 January 2003) This website is a Ray R. Panko’s personal business website. Ray Panko is a Professor at the University of Hawaii and has written a number useful sources about information systems and communications. 7. http://www.quickmba.com (29 January 2003) This website includes a detailed summary of Porter’s Analysis. Information used from this site includes a diagram of Porter’s Five Forces. 8. http://www.themanager.org (31 January 2003) This website offers a description of various management tools including Porter’s Five Force Analysis. 9. Porter, Michael E. Competitive Strategy. New York, New York: The Free Press, 1980. This book written by Michael Porter is unaltered information about his theory.

Outline and Evaluate Social Psychological Theories of Aggression

Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory is based on the fact that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous mutual interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. Outline of research: Bobo Doll experiment The Bobo doll experiment was conducted by Bandura and studied patterns of behaviour associated with aggression. Bandura carried out this study to look at social learning, where people learn through imitation.He used children, because they generally have less social conditioning. Bandura wanted to expose children to adult models exhibiting either aggressive or nonaggressive behaviours. Then, in a new environment without the adult model, he wanted to observe whether or not the children imitate these adult model aggressive or nonaggressive behaviours. Evaluation of Research 1. Cause and effect can be established as it could be demonstrated that the model did have an effect on the child's resulting behavior because all variables other than the IV are being controlled. . Artificial as hitting a doll isn’t the same as hitting a person, as there is no evidence that young children intend to harm bobo in modeling experiments. 3. The bobo doll experiments are reliable as many other studies support the fact that children learn by imitating others. Outline of research: Family background of aggression Patterson’s study was conducted using interviews and questionnaires and comparing families with at least one highly aggressive child to other families. His findings suggested that a coercive home enviroment may cause aggressiveness.This is an enviroment which little affection is shown as they don’t use social reinforcement they use punishment and shouting and other aggressive tactics for behavioural control. Evaluation of Research: 1. Has high ecological Validity as it relates to real life situations. 2. the research is base d on long-term influences on aggression, which therefore shows that it’s more useful then studies which look at short term influences. 3. real life situations, not all variables can be controlled which could effect the behaviours which therefore means cause an effect are not conclusive.Overall Evaluation of the theory 1. It has a lot of support from laboratory experiments such as the Bobo doll series of studies. However it lacks ecological validity and this does reduce the theory’s ability to clarify real life aggression. 2. Real life research such as Patterson demonstrates that role models are important in the development of anti-social behaviour. Therefore theses studies support the SLT. 3. Lacks population validity as the key studies are done with children as the main participants so cannot be linked to older people. DeindividuationDeindividuated people are more likely to be aggressive because of a loss of individuality which leads to reduced self-restraint. Deindiv iuation is the loss of self awareness and sense of personal responsibility, people normally avoid acting in a aggressive manners partly as it’s seen as vulgar behaviour an as they are identifiable to society. However being anonymous in a crowd means reducing inner restraints and increasing behaviours that are usually inhibited, Studies such as Zimbardo have provided evidence that deindividuation can be an explanation for aggression.Outline research evidence: Zimbardo Zimbardo aimed to try and find if anonymity was a key factor in deindividuation. In an experiment very similar to Milgrams – he found that in his anonymous group they gave twice as many shocks as high control group even when told the learner was critical. He then concluded that anonymity was the reason for this and it lead to that groups added aggression. Evaluation of research 1. Could be said that neither study actually measures physical aggression as the participants do not physically harm each other. . Because it is not a real life situation participants may not behave in there natural and usual way, meaning it lacks ecological validity. 3. Does not show whether the uniform worn is important to behaving aggressively which raises questions as to whether it is another factor. Outline research evidence Football Hooliganism, which was where Marsh investigated the crowds of football fans to establish whether their high level of excitement and anonymity lead to deindividuation and aggression.From this experiment Marsh concluded that aggression is one of the norms of the group, as group membership is likely to lead to aggressive behaviour, however it can also be controlled aggression. Overall Evaluation of Evidence: 1. Because it is not a real life situation participants may not behave in there natural and usual way, meaning it lacks ecological validity 2. Deindividuation means one tends to abandon personal control. The results of the research could be taken to imply that deindividuatio n can increase conformity to certain social norms and its high levels of conformity to a group rather than itself, which leads to aggression. . Evidence shows that it does not always lead to aggression, which is a difficulty as its not always true. General Points All three have good supporting evidence and so they have reliability in explaining aggression. The theories all focus on social psychology and tend to underestimate and ignore the other possibilities for the aggression such as biological influences.References: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bobo_doll_experiment http://www. learning-theories. com/social-learning-theory-bandura. html http://psy. ex. ac. uk/~tpostmes/PDF/05deindividuation. pdf

Principles of Liability in Negligence in Business Activities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2913 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Assignment 2 of 2 Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Ingrida Miseviciute Table of Contents Task 1 (AC3.1)1 Task 2 (AC3.2)2 Task 3 (AC3.3)3 Task 4 (AC4.1)4 Task 5 (AC4.2)5 References6 LO 3 Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities Task 1 (AC 3.1) Liability in Tort Contractual liability Definition: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Principles of Liability in Negligence in Business Activities" essay for you Create order A tort is a legal term describing a violation where one person causes damage, injury, or harm to another person. The violation may result from intentional actions, a breach of duty as in negligence, or due to a violation of statutes. Explanation: The party that commits the tort is called the tortfeasor. A tortfeasor incurs tort liability, meaning that they will have to reimburse the victim for the harm that they caused them. In other words, the tortfeasor who is found to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or responsible for a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s injuries will likely be required to pay damages. Damages: Under most tort laws, the injury suffered by the plaintiff does not have to actually be physical. A tortfeasor may be required to pay damages for other types of harm, including emotional distress or a violation of personal rights. Types: Joint Liability Vicarious Liability Liability to/for Third Parties Plaintiff/victim Liability Strict Liability Parent Liability. Definition: Contractual liabilityis defined as liability that does not arise by way of negligence, but by assumption under contract or agreement. Explanation: A contract is a legal binding agreement between two or more persons. When you sign, or agree to the terms of a contract, then you have accepted the contractual liabilities set forth in the document. Damages: Liabilities are things that you can be held accountable for, and may have to repay or replace, in the event that they occur. For example, a renterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sagreement may state that, If upon moving out of the premises stated in the contract, any part of the premises is destroyed, you may be accountable for and have to pay to repair, or replace the damage. Types: Contractual liability can take many forms, but is basically holds you accountable for damages that are stated in the contract. For example, Commercial contracts, domestic contracts and so forth. Task 2 (AC3.2) Negligenceis a failure to use reasonable care that results in harm to another party. There are four important elements to a negligence lawsuit that must be proven: The defendant owed a duty, either to the plaintiff or to the general public The defendant violated that duty The defendants violation of the duty resulted in harm to the plaintiff The plaintiffs injury was foreseeable by a reasonable person. Donohughe V Stevenson (1932) This famous case established the civil law tort of negligence and obliged manufacturers to have a duty of care towards their customers. The events of the complaint took place in Scotland in 1928, when Ms May Donoghue was given a bottle of ginger beer, purchased by a friend. The bottle was later discovered to contain a decomposing snail. Since the bottle was not of clear glass, Donoghue was not aware of the snail until she had consumed most of its contents. She later fell ill and was diagnosed with gastroenteritis by a doctor. Donoghue subsequently took legal action against the manufacturer of the ginger beer, Stevenson. She lodged a writ in the Court of Sessions (Scotlandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s highest civil court) seeking  £500 damages. Because her friend had purchased the drink, Donoghue could not sue on the basis that a contract had been breached; her lawyers instead had to claim that Stevenson had a duty of care to his consumers and that he had caused injury through negligence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" an area of civil law that was largely untested at that time. Stevensonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lawyers challenged the action on the basis that no precedents existed for such a claim. However Donoghue was later granted leave to appeal to the House of Lords, which then had the judicial authority to hear appellate cases. The leading judgement, delivered by Lord Atkin in 1932, established that Stevenson should be responsible for the well-being of individuals who consume his products, given that they could not be inspected. The case was returned to the original court; Stevenson died before the case was finalised and Donoghue was awarded a reduced amount of damages from his estate. This case established several legal principles: Firstly, that negligence is a distinct tort. A plaintiff can take civil action against a respondent, if the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s negligence causes the plaintiff injury or loss of property. Previously the plaintiff had to demonstrate some contractual arrangement for negligence to be proven, such as the sale of an item or an agreement to provide a service. Since Donoghue had not purchased the drink, she could prove no contractual arrangement with Stevenson à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" yet Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgement established that Stevenson was still responsible for the integrity of his product. Secondly, manufacturers have a duty of care to consumers. According to Lord Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ratio decendi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a manufacturer of products, which he sells à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to reach the ultimate consumer in the form in which they left him à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ owes a duty to the consumer to take reasonable careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This precedent has evolved and expanded to form the basis of laws that protect consumers from contaminated or faulty goods. Thirdly, Lord Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s controversial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"neighbour principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Here Atkin raised the question of which people may be directly affected by our actions, our conduct or things we manufacture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law, is my neighbour? The answer seems to be: persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to have them in [mind] when I am I am [considering these] acts or omissions.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Task 3 (AC3.3) Vicarious liability is a situation in which one party is held partly responsible for the unlawful actions of a third party. The third party also carries his or her own share of the liability. Vicarious liability can arise in situations where one party is supposed to be responsible for (and have control over) a third party, and is negligent in carrying out that responsibility and exercising that control. If an employee injures someone in the course of their employment, the employer may be subject to vicarious liability. This simply means that the injured person may be able to win compensation for the harm from the employer, rather than the employee. This is not to say, though, that the employee can always count on getting away scot-free. Even if there is vicarious liability, the injured person does not necessarily give up any right he may have to pursue the employee individually. If, for some reason, the injured person is unable to get full compensation from the employer, then he might seek to recover the balance from the employee. In addition, the employer may well seek reimbursement for any amount paid to the injured person (although in practice this rarely occurs). Generally, employers dispute vicarious liability claims on the following grounds: The person who caused the harm was not an employee, but an independent contractor or other non-employee worker; The employee did not harm the injured person in the course of the employees employment. An illustration of the test is provided by two contrasting cases, [Limpus v London General Omnibus Company] and [Beard v London General Omnibus Company], both involving road collisions. In the former, a driver pulled in front of another rival omnibus, in order to obstruct it. Despite express prohibitions from the employer, they were found liable; this was merely an unauthorised mode of the employee carrying out his duties (driving), not an entirely new activity. By contrast, in the la tter case, London General Omnibus Company were not liable where a conductor (employed to collect fares on board the bus) negligently chose to drive the vehicle instead; this was completely outside of his duties. LO 4 Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations Task 4.1(AC4.1) A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the act. Although crimes may be torts, the cause of legal action is not necessarily a crime, as the harm may be due to negligence which does not amount to criminal negligence. The victim of the harm can recover their loss as damages in a lawsuit. In order to prevail, the plaintiff in the lawsuit must show that the actions or lack of action was the legally recognizable cause of the harm. The equivalent of tort in civil law jurisdictions is delict. Tort law is different from criminal law in that: (1) to rts may result from negligent but not intentional or criminal actions and (2) tort lawsuits have a lower burden of proof such as preponderance of evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt. Sometimes a plaintiff may prevail in a tort case even if the person who caused the harm was acquitted in an earlier criminal trial. For example, O.J. Simpson was acquitted in criminal court and later found liable for the tort of wrongful death. Torts may be categorized in several ways, with a particularly common division between negligent and intentional torts. The standard action in tort is negligence. Negligence is a tort which arises from the breach of the duty of care owed by one person to another from the perspective of a reasonable person. The majority determined that the definition of negligence can be divided into four component parts that the plaintiff must prove to establish negligence. The elements in determining the liability for negligence are: The plaintiff was owed a duty of care through a special relationship (e.g. doctor-patient) or some other principle. There was a dereliction or breach of that duty. The tortfeasor directly caused the injury [but for the defendants actions, the plaintiff would not have suffered an injury]. The plaintiff suffered damage as a result of that breach. The damage was not too remote; there was proximate cause to show the breach caused the damage. Elements of Negligence Proximate cause Proximate cause means that you must be able to show that the harm was caused by the tort you are suing for. The defence may argue that there was a prior cause or a superseding intervening cause. A common situation where a prior cause becomes an issue is the personal injury car accident, where the person re-injures an old injury. Duty of care It arises when one party creates a scenario that has the potential to harm the other party. Duty focuses on relationship between the two parties: The test whether the defendant owes a duty of care to plaintiff includes: Would a reasonable person have foreseen that the actions would have caused harm to the plaintiff? Reasonable person represents an objective standard. Breach of duty Breach of duty occurs when a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“reasonable personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is not exercising the degree of care that would have expected from him/her in that situation. Reasonable person is an average person. It does not require perfection, but takes into account that an average person does not foresee every risk. The average person is not assumed to be flawless, but ordinarily careful and prudent. Actual Harm Actual harm could be in the form of physical or emotional injuries, property damages or financial loss. The main remedy against tortious loss is compensation in damages or money. According to the scenario, Chris was in an internet cafe. He got up to purchase a coffee and was slipped on some water that was on the floor and broke his arm. This depends upon the intention of Chris. If Chris slipped intentionally and did foresee this accident, then the cafeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will not be responsible for the damages caused. If this is not the case, t hen the elements of negligence need to be applied to see if Chris can claim the damages. Negligence is important aspect to look at, means that the defendant (the cafeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) failed to act in a reasonable manner under the circumstances. For example, it is reasonable to expect that the cafeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ placed a warning signs in recently mopped areas or wet surface. If this is not done, then it means that the cafeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ did not fulfil the duty of care. Chris can claim damages as a result of it as he slipped and broke his arm. There are various implications on the scenario in terms of duty of care, negligence (intentional or otherwise) and it is up to the court to decide the outcome. Task 5 (AC4.2) Two clear elements must be established in order to establish a vicarious liability: Was the tortfeasor the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employee; and Was the tortfeasor acting in the course of his or her employment at the time the tort was committed. The existence of a relationship of employer and employee Many tests have been suggested for distinguishing between a contract of service and a contract for services. These include: Control test Ready Mix Concrete Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968) Integration test à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Stevenson Jordan Harrison Ltd v MacDonald Evans (1952) Organisation Test à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Albrighton v Royal Prince Alfred Hopital (1980) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The ultimate question will always be whether a person is acting as the servant of another or on his own behalf and the answer to that question may be indicated in ways which are not always the same and which do not always have the same significanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Conclusion as to whether defendant is an employer or contractor. If the defendant is an independent contractor the employer canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be vicariously liable for the acts of that contractor. The employer will only be liable (as a primary liability) if the employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tortious duty is, in law, non-delegable: Kondis v STA; Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd. Was the employee acting within the course of employment? General rule is that whilst acting in the course of employment the employer is not vicariously liable for independent wrongful acts of employees (Bugge Brown). In determining the scope of the employment relationship the actions of the employee must be reasonably incidental to employment i.e. the employer is not vicariously liable if the employee is on a frolic of their own (Joel v Morison). (Situations to consider the necessary authorities) Wrongful mode of completing authorised act à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" employer vicariously liable (Bugge Brown) Express prohibition by employer not necessarily a defence if the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act was still a mode of doing what he employee was employed to do à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" employer vicariously liable (Century Insurance Company v Northern Island Road Transport). Acting outside scope of employment relationship à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" employer not vicariously liable (Koorang Investments v Richardson). Driving cases For example, there are a number of truck driving cases where the court has had to decide whether the driver was acting within the course of his employment when driving the vehicle outside a designated route. Essentially, the pattern seems to be that if the drivers job is to get from Point A to Point B, and his detour from the designated route was simply another way of getting to Point B, then he is acting within the course of his employment. On the other hand, if the driver takes a detour for some other, non-business purpose (such as picking up a girlfriend and taking her shopping) then he would likely be regarded as acting outside the course of his employment. According to the scenario, Trevor is a driver who drives a lorry for a Haulage firm. He delivers deliveries for the company which suggests that he is an employee of the firm. Whilst at work, he detours the lorry and meets his girl friend. This is a non business purpose which means he is acting outsi de the scope of his duties. As he leaves his girlfriendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s house to continue deliveries, he negligently crashes into a car park. As stated above, two conditions must be met in order to establish a vicarious liability: was the tortfeasor the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employee; and Was the tortfeasor acting in the course of his or her employment at the time the tort was committed. In this case, the tortfeasor was Chris and the defendant is the Haulage firm. Chris was an employee and also he was acting in the course of his employment to meet his girlfriend and later on crashes his lorry. The vicarious liability is established and hence Chris is liable and not the haulage firm. References Tort Liability (2014). Available: https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/tort-law-liability.html. [Last accessed 10 March, 2014] Donoghue V Stevenson (1932). Available: https://lawgovpol.com/case-study-donoghue-v-stevenson-1932/. [Last accessed 12 March, 2014]. Negligence (2014). Available: https://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/lawsuit/negligence.html?opt=cutm_expid=36075225.Uj6X3hD9S1KR79nt0Iy0tA.1utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2F#.UySBAj9_sSM. [Last accessed 12 March, 2014] Accidents and injuries (2014). Available: https://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/accidents_and_injuries/accident_claims/500045.html. [Last accessed 13 March, 2014] Vicarious Liability (2014). Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarious_liability_in_English_law. [Last accessed 13 March, 2014] Breach of duty (2014). Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breach_of_duty_in_English_law. [Last accessed 14 March, 2014] Tort (2014). Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort. [Last accessed 14 March, 2014] Eustace, D, (2007) Negligent Misstatement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Dillon Eustace. 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